SQL LEFT JOIN 关键字
LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(table1)返回所有的行,即使右表(table2)中没有匹配。如果右表中没有匹配,则结果为 NULL。
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
或:
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
在本教程中,我们将使用 shulanxt 样本数据库。
下面是选自 “Websites” 表的数据:
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name | url | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA |
| 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN |
| 3 | 树懒学堂 | http://www.shulanxt.com/ | 4689 | CN |
| 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN |
| 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA |
| 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND |
+----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
下面是 “access_log” 网站访问记录表的数据:
mysql> SELECT * FROM access_log;
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| aid | site_id | count | date |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
| 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 |
| 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 |
| 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 |
| 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 |
| 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 |
| 6 | 4 | 13 | 2016-05-15 |
| 7 | 3 | 220 | 2016-05-15 |
| 8 | 5 | 545 | 2016-05-16 |
| 9 | 3 | 201 | 2016-05-17 |
+-----+---------+-------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
下面的 SQL 语句将返回所有网站及他们的访问量(如果有的话)。
以下实例中我们把 Websites 作为左表,access_log 作为右表:
实例:
SELECT Websites.name, access_log.count, access_log.date
FROM Websites
LEFT JOIN access_log
ON Websites.id=access_log.site_id
ORDER BY access_log.count DESC;
输出结果:
+--------------+-------+------------+
| name | count | date |
+--------------+-------+------------+
| Facebook | 545 | 2016-05-16 |
| Google | 230 | 2016-05-14 |
| 树懒学堂 | 220 | 2016-05-15 |
| Facebook | 205 | 2016-05-14 |
| 树懒学堂 | 201 | 2016-05-17 |
| 树懒学堂 | 100 | 2016-05-13 |
| Google | 45 | 2016-05-10 |
| 微博 | 13 | 2016-05-15 |
| 淘宝 | 10 | 2016-05-14 |
| stackoverflow | NULL | NULL |
+---------------+-------+------------+
注释:LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(Websites)返回所有的行,即使右(access_log)中没有匹配。
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